United Nations in the 21st Century

Key issue

The world is currently facing several global challenges and crises: the COVID-19 pandemic, the climate crisis, and the decline of democracy in several states. Additionally, states are turning away from global cooperation and are trying to come up with national solutions for global challenges. Consequently, it has become evident that the world is in desperate need of global solutions for these global problems. The best platform for global solutions is still the United Nations (UN) since most of the world’s nation-states are members of the UN. However, the structure and functioning of the UN today does not have adequate tools to address the burning issues of today. While the UN provides a platform for states to meet and discuss these issues, the UN cannot address the changing world and the new urgent crises of today. Therefore, we propose a reformation and modernization of the UN.

Response

The idea of the United Nations, or rather the League of Nations, came after World War I as an attempt to promote world peace. However, this attempt failed, and it was not until after World War II that the current UN was established. Thus, it is evident that wars and crises are the drivers for change and for establishing platforms for cooperation. However, since World War II, new challenges and global crises have emerged which the UN has not been able to address. Therefore, it is time to modernize the United Nations and bring the UN into the 21st century. A modernization and a reformation of the UN would allow the UN to more effectively respond to the global challenges ahead of us. Therefore, we are suggesting the United Nations 2.0, which includes a series of reforms that would bring the UN into the 21st century and more efficiently address the new challenges.

First, in order to make the United Nation more efficient and to improve the decision-making procedure, the first reform concerns the veto-powers, and we believe that the current veto-power that the five permanent Security Council members have (China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and the United States) should be eliminated. The veto-power represents a different time and is an undemocratic tool that belongs in the history books, as these five member states can completely block necessary and pressing resolutions, sanctions, proposals, and missions, which could still have the support of the majority of states. Moreover, not all five members are democratic countries, which makes it difficult to enforce, enhance and spread democracy. Additionally, the veto-power gives these five member states an unfair tool to pursue their political interests and agenda, which comes at the cost of public interests and in some instances human rights and democracy.

Second, the current veto-powers reflect the time of the founding of the UN and not the global powers of today. Thus, the veto-powers are not only an ineffective and undemocratic tool, but it is also not reflecting the current world. Therefore, the second reform is to increase regional representation and update the UN to the current state of the world. As of now, several continents do not have permanent representation in the Security Council. Since it is inevitable that every region will experience different consequences and effects of climate change and pandemics, it is important that there is a regional representation that could represent the interests of that specific region. Moreover, the regional representation would also improve the equality within the UN and improve the disproportionate power that currently exists.

The third reform is to make the agreements more binding than what they currently are. While the resolutions are legally binding, most experts agree that the General Assembly resolutions are in practice non-binding and are more similar to recommendations. Therefore, one measure should be to improve the mechanism which would ensure that the resolutions are implemented and make the agreements in practice binding. We as humanity need stronger international guidelines and measures to deliver a global response to global challenges. Making agreements more binding would ensure that the member states implement the agreed proposals. Moreover, a mechanism that follows up whether states have implemented the necessary agreements and solutions should also be considered.

Result

We believe that these three reforms could ensure that the United Nations enters the 21st century and is equipped to respond to the challenges that the world face today. Therefore, we strongly encourage more in-depth research on how the UN as an organization can meet the requirements of the world today. The UN has great potential to be a collective action problem solver by increasing global cooperation on the pressing issues of climate change, pandemics, security et cetera. Through modernizing measures, the UN would be strengthened both in global governance and as a democratic institution. Moreover, by promoting political equality and individual human rights, the UN of the 21st century will work as a catalyst for democracy.